Board and Care Homes

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What is a board and care home? See the full definition

In California and Nevada, board and care home is the everyday name for a small residential care home serving older adults. These homes are literally homes: a single-family house on a quiet street, usually with four to fifteen residents, round-the-clock caregivers, home-cooked meals, and a shared living room where residents watch television together in the evening.

What sets a board and care home apart from a large assisted living community is scale and feel. Assisted living communities often serve eighty to two hundred residents in an apartment-building format, with a cafeteria downstairs and a printed weekly activity calendar. A board and care home serves the same population (older adults who need help with activities of daily living but don't require skilled nursing) in a setting much closer to a real home. Staff-to-resident ratios are higher, caregivers know every resident by name, and meals come out of an actual kitchen rather than a commercial galley.

Board and care homes often specialize in quiet ways. Some focus on early-stage dementia. Some are run by families from specific cultural backgrounds and serve meals and conversation in a shared language. Some welcome ambulatory residents only; others are comfortable with wheelchairs, two-person transfers, and more complex care. California alone has more than 6,000 licensed small board and care homes (formally called RCFEs), and they exist in every county and every price range.

The right fit depends on the person. For an older parent who would feel overwhelmed in a large community, who cherishes a quiet dinner table and a familiar face in the morning, a board and care home can feel like a soft landing rather than a move into an institution. Search our California directory below to browse licensed board and care homes by city, capacity, and care level. Every listing links directly to the official state licensing record so you can verify each home's status yourself.

Also Known As

Different states use different vocabulary for essentially the same kind of home. If you're searching across state lines, it helps to recognize the alternatives.

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Jump to the state directory where this term is used.

Frequently asked questions

What is a board and care home?
A board and care home is a small licensed residential care home, usually in an ordinary single-family house, where older adults live together and receive help with daily activities like bathing, dressing, meals, and medication reminders. Most board and care homes serve between four and fifteen residents, which is why they feel more like a real home than a large assisted living community.
How is a board and care home different from assisted living?
The biggest difference is scale. A traditional assisted living community might serve eighty to two hundred residents in an apartment-building format with a cafeteria and printed activity calendars. A board and care home serves the same population in a real house with four to fifteen residents, shared meals, higher caregiver-to-resident ratios, and a more personal atmosphere. Care levels are often comparable. Many families find board and care homes especially well suited to residents who would feel lost or lonely in a larger community.
What does a board and care home cost?
Costs vary by state, region, and the care needs of the resident, but small board and care homes are often comparable to or slightly less expensive than large assisted living communities, especially at the shared-room level. Private pay is most common. Long-term care insurance, VA Aid and Attendance benefits, and in some states limited Medicaid waivers can help cover the cost.
Which states use the term "board and care home"?
California and Nevada are the two states where "board and care home" is the most commonly used everyday term, though the formal license category in California is Residential Care Facility for the Elderly (RCFE). Other states use different vocabulary for essentially the same model: adult family home in Washington, personal care home in Georgia and Pennsylvania, adult foster home in Oregon, and family care home in North Carolina.

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